Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positive Tumors

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), also known as folate hydrolase-1, is a 120-kDa tumor-associated antigen that is expressed on the cell surface of all prostate cancer cells.

PSMA positive tumors are often aggressive and poorly differentiated, but the presence of PSMA in the tumor can help differentiate it from other tumors and ensure proper treatment. PSMA is a useful biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of the disease. These PSMA-positive tumors contain a high level of a protein that assists in the growth and spread of the cancer, making it more challenging to treat.

PSMA has been found to be expressed on multiple cell types, including prostate, kidney, bladder, lung, and stomach. Studies have found that PSMA-positive tumors have been associated with higher Gleason scores, higher risk of metastases, and higher rates of recurrence. Additionally, PSMA expression in tumors is associated with treatment resistance and poor prognosis.

The PSMA protein can be targeted for treatment with drugs, such as androgen-deprivation therapy and chemotherapy. However, the use of drugs to target PSMA is still in its early stages and further research is required. Research is also being done on the use of immunotherapy, such as monoclonal antibodies, to target PSMA and increase the effectiveness of treatment.

Benefits of detecting PSMA positive tumors

Improved diagnosis and prognosis
Increased understanding of the aggressive nature of the disease
Provides insight into why some tumors become resistant to treatment and can help guide the most effective treatment.
Assist in finding new and more effective therapies
Provides better targeting and specificity for treatments