Leprosy
Leprosy: A Disease Of History
Leprosy, one of the world’s oldest diseases, is still one of the most debilitating and feared contagions of our times. Leprosy is a chronic infection caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and is characterized by inflammation of the peripheral nerves, skin lesions, disfigurement, and resistance to healing skin lesions. Leprosy was a feared and highly stigmatized disease for thousands of years, affecting communities around the world. It was once thought to be incurable, and those affected by the disease were exiled and ostracised. Thankfully, with advances in medical treatments, leprosy can now be effectively treated and cured, and the stigma surrounding the disease is waning.
Transmission
Leprosy is spread through contact with airborne droplets from the nose and throat of an infected person. Though the disease is very contagious at first, the risk of transmission decreases over time without treatment, and the disease rarely spreads through casual contact. Early diagnosis and treatment of leprosy are essential to prevent its spread.
Signs & Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of leprosy vary from person to person, but generally the most common symptoms are:
- Skin lesions that can cause numbness and weakness in the hands, feet, arms, and legs
- Muscle weakness and an inability to move certain parts of the body
- Blindness or vision problems
- Thick patches of skin with reduced or no sensation
- Painful ulcers and skin lesions that do not heal
- Frequent fever and chills
- Excessive sweating
Diagnosis
Leprosy can be diagnosed with an exam of the skin and nerves as well as laboratory tests such as a skin biopsy. Early diagnosis is key to effective treatment and prevention of complications such as disability, deformity, and blindness.
Treatment
Leprosy can be cured with a combination of antibiotics taken for several months in order to eliminate the bacteria. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to reducing the spread of leprosy and to preventing complications such as nerve damage, disfigurement, and blindness.
Prevention
There is currently no vaccine available for leprosy, but early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent its spread. Regular contact with people who work with leprosy patients, such as doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers, should also be avoided. Wearing protective clothing such as gloves and masks can also help prevent infection.