Multi-Infarct
What is Multi-Infarct Dementia?
Multi-Infarct dementia (MID) is a type of dementia that occurs when a series of small strokes cause brain changes that lead to cognitive decline. MID is caused by a series of small stroke-like episodes, or infarcts, which damage the brain’s white matter, killing cells in the brain tissue. These infarcts cause impaired cognitive functioning, such as memory loss and impairments in problem solving or other cognitive abilities.
Causes of Multi-Infarct Dementia
The most common cause of MID is a series of silent strokes, which are strokes that do not cause immediate symptoms. These strokes are generally caused by blocked or narrowed arteries, a process known as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis can limit or block the flow of blood to the brain, causing infarcts.
Symptoms of Multi-Infarct Dementia
The symptoms of MID can vary widely, but may include:
- Progressive memory loss
- Impaired ability to solve problems
- Confusion and disorientation
- Difficulty forming new memories
- Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
- Impaired attention
- Mood swings, depression or agitation
- Poor coordination or balance
- Personality changes
Diagnosing Multi-Infarct Dementia
Diagnosis of MID requires a comprehensive physical and neurological exam, a medical history, and diagnostic testing. This may include CT scans, MRI scans, or angiography of the brain. Your doctor may also conduct blood tests and other tests to look for signs of stroke or other vascular damage. A psychological evaluation may also be used to assess cognitive functioning.
Treatment of Multi-Infarct Dementia
There is no cure for MID, but some treatments may help manage the condition. Treatment may focus on medications to prevent further damage to the brain, such as medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Physical and occupational therapy can help improve strength, movement, and coordination. Speech therapy may help with speech or language impairments, and cognitive therapies may help improve memory and other cognitive functioning. Lifestyle changes, such as reducing stress, getting regular exercise, and eating a healthy diet can also help manage symptoms.