Thyroiditis
What is Thyroiditis?
Thyroiditis is a general term for several types of inflammation of the thyroid gland. The thyroid is an endocrine gland located in the lower front of the neck. It makes hormones that help control your metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature, among other things. When the thyroid becomes swollen and inflamed, it can't function properly leading to a decrease in hormone production.
Types of Thyroiditis
There are several types of thyroiditis, each with its own set of causes and treatments. Some of the most common types include:
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis – This is an autoimmune disease that causes the body's immune system to mistakenly attack the thyroid gland.
- Subacute thyroiditis – This is usually caused by a viral infection of the thyroid that causes it to become swollen and inflamed.
- Post-partum thyroiditis – This is usually caused by the hormones from pregnancy, which can cause the thyroid to become overactive and then underactive.
- Riedel's thyroiditis – This is a rare form of thyroiditis that causes the thyroid to become infiltrated with lymphocytes and fibrous tissue, making it difficult to produce hormones.
Symptoms of Thyroiditis
The symptoms of thyroiditis vary depending on the type and severity of the inflammation. Some common symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Unexplained weight gain
- Puffy eyes
- Dry skin
- Muscle aches and pains
- Constipation
- Hoarseness
- Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)
- Difficulty swallowing
Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroiditis
If you have any of the symptoms of thyroiditis, your doctor may order blood tests to measure levels of thyroid hormones and antibodies to check for an autoimmune reaction. If you are diagnosed with thyroiditis, your doctor will recommend the best treatment depending on the type and severity of your condition. Treatment may include medications to improve hormone levels, surgery, or radioiodine treatment.