Inflammatory Reaction of the Lumbar Disc

The lumbar disc is a complex structure that lies between two vertebrae, the discs in the lower back and pelvis cushion and lubricate any movement in the spine. When the disc becomes inflamed, it can cause pain and discomfort. The levels of pain can vary from mild to severe.

Inflammation of the lumbar disc (or “discitis”) is a condition caused by a direct infection in the disc itself. Discitis is usually a result of bacteria or fungi in the disc, which can occur due to puncture wounds. A herniated disc can also be a cause of discitis.

When the lumbar disc has become inflamed, the patient's symptoms may differ. Generally, discitis may cause:

Back pain
Tenderness in and around the spine
Stiffness in the back
Weakness or numbness in the legs
Fever

If the inflammation is the result of a herniated disc, additional symptoms may include:

Shooting pains in the legs or buttocks
Muscle spasms
Sudden, sharp pain when changing positions

To diagnose discitis, your doctor may run tests to detect any infections, such as cultures on fluid drawn from the infected area. Imaging tests like X-ray, CT, or MRI can also reveal inflammation or other injury to the affected disc.

Treatment for discitis mainly involves anti-inflammatory medications and rest. Physical and occupational therapy may be necessary for more severe cases. Surgery may be necessary if the infection does not respond to medication or if scar tissue or narrowing of the discs is blocking the flow of spinal fluid.