Uric Acid Stones
What Are Uric Acid Stones?
Uric acid stones are one of the five most common types of kidney stones. Uric acid stones are made up of uric acid crystals that are produced in the body as a waste product. These stones can range from small to large, and can grow within the kidneys or bladder.
What Causes Uric Acid Stones?
Uric acid stones form when there is too much uric acid in the urine, referred to as hyperuricemia. There are a number of things that can contribute to an increase in uric acid, including:
- A diet high in animal proteins and purines (such as red meat, organ meats, shellfish, and some legumes)
- Obesity
- High blood pressure
- Gout
- Diabetes
- Certain medications and supplements
- Kidney diseases
Uric acid stones can also form if there is a decrease in the amount of citrate in the urine.
What Are the Symptoms of Uric Acid Stones?
Uric acid stones can cause a number of symptoms, including:
- Pain in the lower back, side, or groin
- Painful peeing
- Fever
- Nausea and vomiting
- Urine that appears pinkish or slightly brown (hematuria)
How Are Uric Acid Stones Diagnosed?
Uric acid stones are typically diagnosed using a combination of imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or a CT scan, or by taking a urine sample and running tests to detect the presence of uric acid. A doctor may also order blood tests to check for hyperuricemia.
How Are Uric Acid Stones Treated?
Uric acid stones can be treated in a number of ways, depending on the size and composition of the stone. Treatment may include:
- Drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, to help flush out the kidney stones
- Alkalizing the urine with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) or potassium citrate supplements
- Taking allopurinol (an anti-gout medication)
- Surgery to remove the stones
Your doctor may also recommend changes to your diet, such as avoiding high-purine foods, to help prevent the formation of new stones.