Superficial ocular infections of the conjunctiva caused by susceptible bacteria
.Superficial Ocular Infections of the Conjunctiva
The conjunctiva is the thin outermost layer of tissue that lines the eyelids and covers the white of the eye. Superficial ocular infections are common and can be caused by a variety of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Most of these infections are mild and easily treatable with antibiotics and other medications. However, if left untreated, these infections can cause serious and even permanent damage to the eye.
Bacterial Infections
Bacterial infections of the conjunctiva usually begin with a red, itchy eye that may produce discharge. Common bacterial infections of the conjunctiva that may cause these symptoms include:
- Pink eye
- Blepharitis
- Stye
- Dacryocystitis
- Conjunctivitis
These bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, such as erythromycin, polymyxin B, or sulfonamides, depending on the specific type of infection. In some cases, a combination of antibiotics may be necessary. It is important to always follow the doctor’s instructions and finish out the entire course of medication as prescribed.
Fungal Infections
Fungal infections of the conjunctiva usually present as a red, itchy, and swollen eye that may have discharge. Common fungal infections of the conjunctiva include:
- Aspergillosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Candidiasis
- Histoplasmosis
- Cryptococcosis
These fungal infections can often be treated with antifungal medications such as clotrimazole, miconazole, or clotrimazole solution. In more serious cases, oral antifungal medications, such as terbinafine or ketoconazole, may be necessary. It is important to always follow the doctor’s instructions and finish out the entire course of medication as prescribed.
Viral Infections
Viral infections of the conjunctiva usually present as a red, itchy, and swollen eye that may have general discomfort or fever. Common viral infections of the conjunctiva include:
- Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
- Ocular herpes simplex
- Cytomegalovirus
- Adenovirus
These viral infections can usually be treated with antiviral medications, such as acyclovir, ganciclovir, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In more serious cases, systemic antiviral medications may be necessary. It is important to always follow the doctor’s instructions and finish out the entire course of medication as prescribed.