Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Disorder
What Is Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Disorder?
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep disorder is a condition characterized by increased physical activity during REM sleep that may be accompanied by vocalizations, complex behaviors, dreaming, and physical movements that can include walking, running, kicking, punching, and jumping out of bed. It is a neurological disorder that is associated with sleep-related problems and is considered to be a type of parasomnia.
The key symptom of this disorder is the inability to stay asleep, a condition referred to as disordered nighttime arousal. Usually, the individual wakes up suddenly, often with a startle response, accompanied by a decrease in muscle tone and confusion. The person may also talk, move around, or enact their dream.
Causes Of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Disorder
The exact cause of REM sleep disorder is unknown. However, it is believed to affect people of all ages, and is more common in individuals who have suffered a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or Parkinson’s disease. It may also be caused by certain medications, alcohol, or drug use.
Symptoms Of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Disorder
The main symptom of this disorder is increased physical activity during REM sleep, which can include vocalizations, complex behaviors, dreaming, and physical movements that can include walking, running, kicking, punching, and jumping out of bed. Other symptoms can include:
- Grunting or talking in sleep
- Kicking, screaming, and other loud movements
- Jerking or flailing of the arms or legs
- Inability to stay asleep for extended periods of time
- Daytime drowsiness or fatigue
- Impaired daytime functioning, including memory and concentration problems
Diagnosing Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Disorder
A doctor will make a diagnosis of REM sleep disorder based on a physical exam, medical history, sleep diary, and polysomnography. Polysomnography is a type of sleep study that uses several recordings to monitor the body during sleep. It measures activity in the brain, heart, lungs, and other organs, and helps the doctor determine if a person is experiencing REM behaviors during sleep.
Treatment For Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Disorder
Treatment for REM sleep disorder can include medications, lifestyle changes, and psychotherapy. Medications that may be used include serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and clonazepam. Lifestyle changes may include avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and certain medications, and making sure to get enough sleep. Psychotherapy may include cognitive behavioral therapy to modify underlying thoughts and behaviors contributing to the disorder.