Mycobacterial Infections
Mycobacterial Infections
Mycobacterial infections are a type of infection caused by the Mycobacterium bacteria. Mycobacterium is a group of bacteria consisting of more than 150 different bacterial species. They vary widely in their epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatments.
Mycobacteria cause diseases worldwide, including tuberculosis, leprosy, and other serious illnesses. Many of these diseases can be serious and even life-threatening, so it’s important to be aware of the risk factors and to seek prompt treatment if any signs of infection occur.
Types of Mycobacterial Infections
The most common types of mycobacterial infections include:
- Tuberculosis
- Leprosy
- Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
- Mycobacterium marinum
- Mycobacterium ulcerans (Buruli ulcer)
- Mycobacterium kansasii
- Mycobacterium abscessus
Signs and Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of mycobacterial infections vary depending on the type of infection and the organs affected. Common signs and symptoms include:
- Fever and chills
- Coughing or shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Night sweats
- Weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
Diagnosis
Mycobacterial infections are diagnosed by a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and biopsies. Your doctor may also take a sample of sputum, tissue, stool, or other body fluids for testing. The sample is then checked for the presence of Mycobacteria and other disease-causing organisms, such as viruses and fungi.
Treatment
Treatment of mycobacterial infections depends on the type of infection and the severity of symptoms. Most infections are treated with antibiotics, either taken orally or delivered intravenously. Some infections require a combination of medications. Surgery may also be necessary for some forms of mycobacterial infections.
Depending on the type of infection and the severity of symptoms, treatment may take weeks or months to complete. It’s important that you follow your doctor’s instructions and take all prescribed medications as directed. Not doing so could lead to antibiotic resistance or the spread of the infection.