Moderate Vulvovaginal atrophy
What is Moderate Vulvovaginal Atrophy?
Moderate vulvovaginal atrophy (MVVA) is a common medical condition which is characterized by thinning and drying of the vagina walls, weakening of the muscles of the pelvic floor, and a decrease in the production of vaginal lubrication. It is caused by a decline in circulating estrogen levels and is commonly seen in the postmenopausal period. It is also known as ‘genitourinary syndrome of menopause’ (GSM).
Signs and Symptoms of MVVA
The most common symptoms associated with MVVA include:
- Pain during sexual intercourse
- Vaginal dryness and irritation
- Itching and burning in the vagina
- Vaginal discharge
- Light or sporadic bleeding after sex
- Discomfort while urinating
- Frequent urge to urinate
- Leakage of urine
- Pain in the lower abdomen
Risk Factors
Risk factors for moderate vulvovaginal atrophy include:
- Age: Women over the age of 40 are more likely to experience MVVA.
- History of hysterectomy: Women who have had their uterus removed are more likely to experience MVVA.
- Use of certain medications: Certain medications, such as antidepressants and anti-seizure drugs, can increase the risk of MVVA.
- Ovarian insufficiency: Women who have issues with ovarian function are more likely to experience MVVA.
- Past smoking: Long-term smoking has been linked to a higher risk of MVVA.
Diagnosis
MVVA is usually diagnosed by taking a medical history and physical examination. The doctor may also recommend tests such as blood tests to assess hormone levels and a speculum exam to look for inflammation or signs of infection in the vagina.
Treatment
Treatment for moderate vulvovaginal atrophy usually includes hormone replacement therapy (HRT), topical creams, or low-dose vaginal estrogen treatments. HRT helps to restore estrogen levels, which in turn can help reduce pain, discomfort, and dryness in the vagina. Topical creams and ointments can also be used to increase lubrication and treat itching and burning sensations in the vagina.
Prevention
Taking preventive measures is the best way to avoid MVVA. Women should take steps to maintain a healthy lifestyle by eating a balanced diet, avoiding smoking, and exercising regularly. They should also practice safe sex to reduce the risk of developing an infection.