Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
What is Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca?
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a disorder caused by the lack of tears to keep the eyes lubricated. It is commonly referred to as "dry eye" because of the dryness of the eyes that it causes. This condition can affect one eye or both eyes and can range from mild to severe. Without adequate lubrication, the eyes can become irritated, red, and inflamed.
Causes of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
KCS usually occurs when there is an insufficient amount of tears to lubricate and nourish the eyes. This can be caused by a number of different conditions. These include:
- Certain medications, such as some antihistamines, antidepressants, and decongestants.
- Autoimmune disease, such as Sjögren's syndrome.
- Injury or infection to the gland that produces tears.
- Side effects from certain medical procedures.
- Eye surgery.
Symptoms of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
The most common symptom of KCS is an irritated, dry feeling in the eyes. Other symptoms may include:
- Redness.
- Swelling.
- Itching and burning.
- Discharge from the eyes.
- Crusty or greasy eyelids.
- Sensitivity to light.
- Blurred vision.
- Excess tearing.
Diagnosing Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
KCS can be diagnosed by an ophthalmologist. Your doctor might perform a slit lamp exam to look for signs of dry eye disease. They may also measure tear production or take a sample of the patient's tears to look for any abnormal cells.
Treatment for Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
KCS typically requires treatment that includes eye drops and ointments. Artificial tears, or lubricating drops, are often used to lubricate the eyes and provide relief. In some cases, treatments may also include antibiotics, topical steroids, or immunomodulating drugs to reduce inflammation. In severe cases of KCS, a doctor may recommend surgery.