Respiratory Depression
What is Respiratory Depression?
Respiratory depression is a condition in which the rate and/or depth of breathing becomes significantly slower than normal. In severe cases, respiratory depression can be serious and even life-threatening. It is most often caused by the use of certain opioid drugs, but can also result from other medical conditions, such as sleep apnea, stroke, heart failure, and COPD.
What are the risk factors for developing Respiratory Depression?
Risk factors that can increase a person’s chances of developing respiratory depression include:
- Alcohol or drug use
- Use of certain medications, such as opioids
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Chronic pain syndromes
- Sleep apnea
- Brain injury
What are the signs and Symptoms of respiratory depression?
Signs and symptoms of respiratory depression can include:
- Shallow breathing
- Slow breathing rate
- Breath holding
- Difficulty breathing
- Confusion or delirium
- Lethargy and fatigue
- Dizziness
- Blue-tinted skin, lips, and/or nails
- Loss of consciousness
How is Respiratory Depression Diagnosed?
A doctor will use various tests to diagnose respiratory depression. These can include blood tests, a pulmonary function test, an electrocardiogram (ECG), a chest X-ray, and a breathing test. The doctor may also ask about any medications or substances the patient is taking in order to evaluate if these may be causing the respiratory depression.
How is Respiratory Depression treated?
Treatment for respiratory depression depends on the cause. If the respiratory depression is related to the use of certain medications or substances, the doctor may prescribe a different dosage or change the medications. Also, lifestyle changes may be recommended, such as quitting smoking or alcohol and drug use. In cases of underlying medical conditions, such as COPD or sleep apnea, a doctor may recommend medications or other treatments to help alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of respiratory depression. In severe cases, mechanical ventilation may be necessary.