Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
Understanding Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
Vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine flows from the bladder backwards up the ureters into the kidneys. Urine is typically supposed to flow in only one direction, from the kidneys to the bladder, and when it doesn’t, the backwash of acidic urine can irritate and damage the kidneys over time.
What are the Symptoms of Vesico-Ureteral Reflux?
In many cases, people with VUR may show no symptoms. When symptoms are present, they may include:
- Frequent urinary tract infections
- Pain or burning sensation while urinating
- High fever
- A need to urinate frequently or urgently
- Foul smelling urine
- Red or pink-tinged urine
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Vomiting
What Causes Vesico-Ureteral Reflux?
When the muscles that control the passage of urine are weakened, backward flow can result. Factors which could weaken these muscles include:
- Abnormalities or defects in the urinary tract which may occur at birth, or as a result of an illness or injury
- An enlarged prostate
- Bladder or prostate infections
- Enlarged uterus in pregnant women
- Side effects of some medications
Diagnosing and Treating VUR
VUR is typically diagnosed using imaging tests such as ultrasound, computer tomography (CT) scans, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Your doctor may use these tests to look for signs of reflux, such as damage to the kidneys caused by bacteria-filled urine. Treatment of VUR usually includes antibiotics to prevent and treat urinary tract infections, as well as lifestyle changes to reduce the risk for developing urinary tract infections.
In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair any abnormal or damaged parts of the urinary tract. The goal of surgery is to close the junction between the bladder and ureter, or to place valves on the walls of the ureters to prevent reflux from occurring.
Preventing VUR
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux can be prevented by:
- Avoiding contact with persons who have infections of the urinary tract
- Drinking plenty of fluids each day
- Avoiding holding in urine for too long
- Urinating shortly after intercourse
- Emptying the bladder completely when urinating
- Avoiding using medication unless prescribed by a doctor
If you believe you have any signs or symptoms associated with Vesico-Ureteral Reflux, it is important to speak to your doctor as soon as possible.