Refractory Takayasu arteritis
What Is Refractory Takayasu Arteritis?
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is an inflammatory disorder of the aorta and its main branches, which can cause serious damage to the patient’s cardiovascular system. When standard treatments for TAK, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, fail to control the inflammation it is called refractory or resistant Takayasu arteritis (RTA).
RTA can be divided into three categories:
- Patients who do not respond to initial treatment regimens;
- Patients who experience a relapse of symptoms after treatment; and
- Patients who are resistant to treatment from the start.
RTA is a serious condition that can lead to complications such as aneurysms, strokes, heart attacks, or even death. It is a difficult condition to manage, and treatment can be complex.
Despite risks associated with RTA, it can be managed with various treatments. Treatment plans must be individualized, as no two patients are the same and treatment options can vary from one person to the next. Patients must work closely with their healthcare team to find the most effective treatment plan for them.
Treatment Options for Refractory Takayasu Arteritis
- Corticosteroids - Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are the mainstay of treatment for RTA. They are very effective at reducing inflammation and can sometimes provide long-term control of a patient’s symptoms.
- Biologic agents - Biologic agents attack aa specific part of the immune system that is responsible for inflammation. These agents, such as tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, have been found to be effective in controlling inflammation and improving symptoms in patients with RTA.
- Immunosuppressive drugs - Immunosuppressants, such as cyclophosphamide and azathioprine, are used to suppress the immune system when other treatments fail. These drugs can help reduce inflammation and the risks associated with an unregulated immune system.
- Surgery - Surgery can be used to repair aneurysms or other damage that has occurred as a result of RTA. Surgery is rarely used as a treatment for RTA in itself, but it can be beneficial in improving the patient’s quality of life or preventing further damage.
It is important to note that the treatments mentioned above may not be effective in all cases, and that they are often used in combination with each other in order to control the symptoms of RTA. Discussions about the best treatment options should always be conducted with a patient's healthcare team.