Akathisia caused by antipsychotic use

What is Akathisia?

Akathisia is a potentially serious and uncomfortable side effect of antipsychotic medicines. It is characterized by an intense restlessness, agitation, anxiety and an inability to sit still or remain in one place. It can also cause physical movement like pacing, tapping and fidgeting. Akathisia can cause distress and impairment of daily activities, and may lead to problems with interpersonal relationships.

What Causes Akathisia?

Akathisia is most commonly caused by the use of antipsychotic medication. Antipsychotics are commonly used to treat schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders but can also be used to treat certain other mental disorders, such as bipolar disorder and depression. Some of the more commonly used antipsychotics include chlorpromazine, haloperidol, risperidone, and aripiprazole.

Signs and Symptoms of Akathisia

Akathisia is typically characterized by feelings of restlessness, anxiety, agitation, and an inability to remain still or in one place. Symptoms can range in intensity from mild to severe, and can include physical manifestations such as pacing, fidgeting, and tapping. In more severe cases, akathisia can cause emotional distress and impair daily activities, concentration, and interpersonal relationships.

Risk Factors for Developing Akathisia

Certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing akathisia. These include:

• Age: Elderly individuals are more prone to developing akathisia than those under the age of 40.
• Gender: Women tend to be more prone to developing akathisia than men.
• Dosage: Higher doses of antipsychotic medications can increase the risk of developing akathisia.
• Duration of use: Prolonged use of antipsychotics can increase the risk of developing akathisia.
• Genetic factors: Certain genetic factors can increase the likelihood of developing akathisia.

Treating Akathisia

There are several treatments for akathisia, including:

• Reducing or discontinuing antipsychotic medications: Tapering or reducing the dose of the antipsychotic medication may be helpful in reducing the symptoms of akathisia. In some cases, the medication may need to be stopped entirely.
• Medication: Anticholinergic medications, such as benztropine and propranolol, or antiparkinson drugs can be used to reduce the symptoms of akathisia.
• Psychotherapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy or relaxation techniques may be used to help reduce the symptoms of akathisia.