Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA)
What is Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA)?
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a type of autoimmune disease that causes joint swelling and other symptoms in children. It is classified as a type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, which is a group of chronic illnesses that affect the joints and other body systems in children. The main symptom of SJIA is chronic, low-grade fever that can last for weeks or months. Other symptoms can include joint swelling, rash, fatigue, weight loss, and swelling of the lymph nodes. SJIA can affect any organ in the body, including the heart, lungs, and intestines.
What Are the Causes of SJIA?
The exact cause of SJIA is unknown, but it is thought to be an autoimmune disorder. The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, which can result in inflammation and other symptoms. It’s possible that genetic factors, environmental factors, or other unknown factors can trigger the development of SJIA in children.
What Are the Symptoms of SJIA?
The main symptom of SJIA is chronic, low-grade fever that lasts for weeks or months. Other symptoms may include:
- Joint swelling, pain and stiffness
- Rash
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Abdominal pain and vomiting
- Chest pain and difficulty breathing
- Eye inflammation
How Is SJIA Diagnosed and Treated?
SJIA can be difficult to diagnose, as its symptoms can be similar to other illnesses. Your doctor will want to take a detailed health history and will likely perform a physical exam. Diagnostic tests can also be ordered to help make a diagnosis, such as an X-ray, MRI, or ultrasound. A complete blood count and sedimentation rate can be ordered to evaluate for inflammation.
Treatment for SJIA depends on the severity of the disease. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) can be used to manage the symptoms and prevent further damage. Physical and occupational therapy can help children maintain range of motion and muscle strength. In some cases, surgery may be recommended.