Symptomatic Orthostatic Hypotension
What is Symptomatic Orthostatic Hypotension?
Symptomatic orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a type of low blood pressure that occurs when a person stands up from a sitting or lying down position, resulting in light-headedness, dizziness, fainting, or even a feeling of falling. It is usually caused by changes in blood flow to the brain when the heart rate and pressure decrease. It is estimated that this condition affects up to 40% of elderly individuals.
Symptoms of Symptomatic Orthostatic Hypotension
The symptoms of symptomatic OH can vary from person to person, but some common symptoms include:
- Light-headedness
- Dizziness
- Blurred vision
- Weakness or fatigue
- Confusion or difficulty concentrating
- Nausea
- Fainting or feeling of ‘passing out’
- Headache
What Causes Symptomatic Orthostatic Hypotension?
Specific causes of symptomatic OH may include:
- Certain medications, including diuretics or medications for high blood pressure, pain, or depression; certain heart medications; certain cold medications; or medications to treat Parkinson’s disease
- Dehydration or loss of body fluids due to excessive sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea
- Alcohol or drug abuse
- Hormonal disorders
- Injury or trauma to the nervous system or spinal cord
- Certain types of cancer
- Certain medical conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, or an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
How Is Symptomatic Orthostatic Hypotension Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of symptomatic OH usually involves a physical examination, during which your doctor will check your blood pressure while you are lying down and then both standing and sitting up. Your doctor may also ask you to take a tilt table test, which involves you lying flat on a table and then the table being tilted to various angles to monitor your heart rate and blood pressure.
Treatment for Symptomatic Orthostatic Hypotension
The treatment of symptomatic OH depends on its underlying cause. The goal of treatment is to help manage your symptoms and prevent episodes of fainting. Treatment may include:
- Increase your fluid intake and reduce your salt intake
- Eat smaller meals more often
- Avoid sudden changes in position, such as standing up quickly
- Wear support stockings
- Avoid alcohol and caffeine
- Avoid long periods of standing or sitting
- Medications to help raise your blood pressure
In some cases, surgery may be recommended to repair any underlying medical condition that is causing the symptomatic OH. If you are experiencing symptoms of symptomatic OH, it is important to see your doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment.