CSF myelin basic protein

What is CSF Myelin Basic Protein?

CSF myelin basic protein (MBP) is a protein found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is necessary for the formation and maintenance of the myelin sheath that insulates nerve cells and helps them conduct electrical impulses along the axons. A decrease in the amount of MBP in the CSF can indicate nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease that destroys the myelin sheath.

Types of CSF Myelin Basic Protein

There are two types of MBP: myelin basic protein-A (MBP-A) and myelin basic protein-B (MBP-B). MBP-A is the predominant form of MBP found in the CSF and is associated with neurological disorders such as MS.

Preparation and Procedure

CSF myelin basic protein testing is done by taking a sample of CSF, which is obtained through a lumbar puncture (spinal tap). The sample is then analyzed to measure the amount of MBP present. An abnormally low level of MBP in the CSF may indicate a nervous system disorder.

Risks

A lumbar puncture is generally safe but may cause headache, bleeding, or infection in rare cases.

Why is CSF Myelin Basic Protein Test Done?

A CSF myelin basic protein test may be done to diagnose or monitor the progression of a nervous system disorder, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). An abnormally low level of MBP in the CSF can be an early indicator of MS. The test may also be used to monitor the response to treatment for MS.

When is the Test Ordered?

The CSF myelin basic protein test may be ordered when a person has symptoms of a nervous system disorder including numbness, pain, fatigue, and cognitive changes. It may also be ordered to monitor the response to treatment for a nervous system disorder.