Severe hyperkalemia
Severe Hyperkalemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Hyperkalemia, also known as high potassium levels, is a dangerous condition that should be taken seriously. In severe cases, hyperkalemia can lead to life-threatening heart rhythm disturbances. The most common cause of severe hyperkalemia is due to underlying kidney disease, but other causes such as medications or certain medical conditions can also lead to high potassium levels.
Causes of Severe Hyperkalemia
- Underlying kidney disease or decreased kidney function
- Certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, beta blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and cyclosporine
- Rejection of a transplanted organ
- Significant trauma or burns
- Addison’s disease
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Excessive potassium intake
Symptoms of Severe Hyperkalemia
Most patients with severe hyperkalemia will present with a wide range of symptoms, which may include:
- Weakness
- Paralysis
- Abnormal heart rhythm
- Palpitations
- Nausea and vomiting
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
Treatment for Severe Hyperkalemia
Treatment for severe hyperkalemia is mainly supportive. In most cases, it will involve administering intravenous fluids, diuretics, and medications to address the underlying cause of the condition. The goal of treatment is to lower the level of potassium in the bloodstream.
High-risk patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease or advanced age, may need to take certain medications to help reduce the risk of recurrent episodes of hyperkalemia. These medications may include sodium polystyrene sulfonate, calcium gluconate, or hemodialysis.