Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a progressive loss of kidney function over a period of months or years. It is also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD). The two main causes are diabetes and high blood pressure, which are responsible for up to two-thirds of the cases. Other causes include kidney infection, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and urinary tract obstruction.

CRF can be divided into five stages, based on the amount of kidney function remaining. Each stage has characteristic signs and symptoms, as well as its own management and treatment options.

Signs and Symptoms of CRF:

Fatigue
Nausea
Vomiting
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Swelling in the legs and around the eyes
Itchiness
Difficulty concentrating
Changes in the amount and frequency of urination
High blood pressure
Anemia
Bone and joint pain
Fluid build-up in the lungs

Management and Treatment:

Treatment for CRF includes lifestyle changes, medications, and dialysis. Lifestyle changes include limiting sodium intake, maintaining a healthy weight, controlling blood sugar levels, quitting smoking, and exercising regularly. Medications may be prescribed to control high blood pressure, lower cholesterol, and to replace lost minerals and vitamins.

Dialysis can be used to filter the blood when the kidneys can no longer do the job. It can be done at home or in a clinic and requires regular treatments. Kidney transplantation may be an option in some cases.

Complications of CRF:

Heart and blood vessel disease
Pericarditis
Anemia
Bone disease
Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite
Itchiness
Fluid build-up in the lungs
Sleep problems
Increased risk of infections

CRF is a serious condition that can cause significant health problems. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to slow the progression of the disease and prevent complications. Patients should talk to their doctor to determine the best course of treatment.