Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia
Hypophosphatemic Osteomalacia
Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia is a rare disorder that is characterized by an inadequate amount of phosphate in the blood, coupled with softening of the bones and muscular weakness. The reduction in phosphate levels is the result of excess phosphate being released from the small intestines due to a malfunctioning hormone called FGF-23. This hormone usually helps regulate phosphorus levels in the body, but is ineffective in this condition.
Common symptoms of this disorder include pain in the lower back and/or legs, muscle tenderness, as well as deformities in the joints or bones. In more severe cases, hypophosphatemic osteomalacia may result in fractures, stunted growth and curvatures of the spine.
Treatment for hypophosphatemic osteomalacia is mainly centered on increasing the levels of phosphate in the blood. This usually involves supplementation of oral phosphates combined with dietary adjustment. In some cases, hormone treatment may be required to correct the malfunctioning FGF-23 hormone.
Causes
There are several possible causes of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, including:
- A defect in the FGF-23 hormone
- Inadequate dietary intake
- Malabsorption syndromes
- Excessive use of certain antacids
- Certain kidney disorders
- Genetic disorders
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia is made based on a medical history, a physical examination, X-rays, and blood tests. To confirm the diagnosis, laboratory tests may be conducted to measure levels of phosphates in the blood.
Complications
The complications of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia may include:
- Osteoporosis
- Muscle weakness
- Joint pain
- Deformed bones and joints
- Delayed growth
Prevention
There is no definitive way to prevent hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, as the underlying cause is often unknown. However, good dietary habits, such as consuming a balanced diet with adequate amounts of vitamin D and calcium, can help to reduce the risk of developing this condition.