Radiation Mucositis
.What is Radiation Mucositis?
Radiation mucositis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes in the head and neck, which can be caused by radiation therapy. As a side effect of radiation therapy, it can lead to the destruction of the mucosa of the lips, mouth, pharynx, and larynx and can cause severe pain and discomfort. Radiation mucositis is usually treatable and well-tolerated.
What Are the Symptoms of Radiation Mucositis?
Symptoms of radiation mucositis can appear within one to two weeks after radiation therapy begins. Common symptoms include:
- Painful sores in the mouth, lips, and throat
- Difficulty swallowing, eating, and speaking
- Changes in taste or smell
- A dry, sore throat
- Mouth ulcers
- Tissue breakdown in the mouth or throat
- Nausea or vomiting
- Weight loss
- Infections in the throat or mouth
How is Radiation Mucositis Diagnosed?
Radiation mucositis can be diagnosed by doing a physical examination of the mouth and throat to look for sores or infections. If the doctor suspects that radiation mucositis is present, they may do a biopsy of the affected tissue. The doctor may also take swabs of the mouth or throat to test for fungal, viral, or bacterial infections.
How is Radiation Mucositis Treated?
The treatment of radiation mucositis depends on the severity and the underlying cause. Common treatments include:
- Pain medications and anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain and swelling.
- Topical anesthetics or numbing agents can be applied to the affected areas.
- Mouthwashes and rinses containing salt or antiseptic agents to reduce irritation and infection.
- Oral corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
- Topical steroids to reduce inflammation in the throat and mouth.
- A liquid diet or a soft-food diet.
- Antifungal or antiviral medications to treat an underlying infection.
How Can I Prevent Radiation Mucositis?
The best way to prevent radiation mucositis is to follow the instructions of your doctor during radiation therapy. Some tips to help reduce the risk of developing this condition include:
- Avoiding spicy, acidic, or spicy foods.
- Drinking plenty of water to keep the mouth and throat moist.
- Using a soft-bristled toothbrush.
- Avoiding smoking and alcohol during radiation therapy.
- Using a humidifier to keep the air moist.
- Using a high-protein diet.
- Gently brushing the teeth and gums with a soft toothbrush.
- Using lip balms and special mouthwashes.