Nuclear stress test
What is a Nuclear Stress Test?
A nuclear stress test is a non-invasive imaging test used to assess and diagnose the health of a patient's cardiovascular system. The test involves taking pictures of the heart with the use of a special camera and radioactive tracer, usually combined with exercise. This provides a detailed image of the heart's anatomy, physiology and function. This test gives the doctor information about the how the heart pumps blood through the body while under stress. It can also detect any blockages to the flow of blood.
Preparation for Nuclear Stress Test
Before taking a nuclear stress test, a patient should tell their doctor about any medications they are taking. These medications can affect the test results, so important medications should not be stopped without consulting the doctor. Depending on the type of test being performed, other precautions can include:
- Stopping caffeine intake in the 12–24 hours prior to the test.
- Fasting for 8–12 hours prior to the test
- Skipping any strenuous exercise for 12–24 hours before the test
- Not eating fatty foods in the 8–12 hours prior to the test
Types of Nuclear Stress Test
There are two main types of nuclear stress tests:
- Exercise Stress Test (EST): In this test, the patient exercises on a motorized treadmill or stationary bike while the nuclear imaging camera records the heart's response. During the test, the patient's breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen consumption are monitored. This test is beneficial for finding blockages in the arteries.
- Pharmacological Stress Test (PST): In this test, a patient is given a medicine to increase their heart rate. This test is beneficial for finding blockages in the arteries when the patient is unable to exercise. This test also allows for a more accurate assessment of the severity of the blockages.
Risks of Nuclear Stress Test
Like any type of medical procedure or medical test, there are risks associated with nuclear stress tests. Risks can include but are not limited to allergic reactions to medications used during the test, increased heart rate or arrhythmia’s, and kidney damage caused by the radiopharmaceuticals used during the procedure. It is important for patients to speak with their doctor prior to undergoing a nuclear stress test so they understand the risks associated with the test.
Why is a Nuclear Stress Test Performed?
A nuclear stress test is used to detect blockages of the arteries that supply blood to the heart. It is used to diagnose coronary artery disease, heart valve problems, and other cardiac conditions. It is also used to track the progress of treatment for pre-existing cardiac conditions.
When is a Nuclear Stress Test Required?
A nuclear stress test may be recommended by a doctor in a variety of circumstances. A nuclear stress test may be recommended for patients who have:
- Chest pain
- High cholesterol
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Family history of heart disease
- History of prior cardiac events
Conclusion
A nuclear stress test is a non-invasive procedure used to diagnose and track the progress of pre-existing heart conditions. Testing includes taking pictures of the heart before and after exercise or with the use of medication. It is important to discuss any medicines or health complications with the doctor prior to the test. Patients may also be required to make certain lifestyle modifications prior to testing. Risks of the test may include allergic reactions, increased heart rate or arrhythmia’s, and kidney damage. The test is usually recommended for patients with chest pain, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, family history of heart disease, or a history of prior cardiac events.