Malignant Lymphomas
Introduction to Malignant Lymphomas
Malignant lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal lymphocytes, leading to abnormal tissue mass and the destruction of vital organs. This cancer is divided into two major categories: Hodgkin's lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
It is important to recognize that malignant lymphomas are different from lymphomas. Malignant lymphomas are cancerous and more aggressive, while lymphomas are benign, or non-cancerous, and grow more slowly.
Types of Malignant Lymphomas
The two most common types of malignant lymphomas are Hodgkin's lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. They differ in terms of the types of abnormal cells that are present and how they grow and spread.
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma (also known as Hodgkin's disease) is typically seen in older adults, but can also occur in younger people. It is more common in men than in women. It is characterized by the presence of a type of B-cell lymphocytes, known as Reed-Sternberg cells. This type of cancer spreads to other parts of the body more slowly compared to non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is more common than Hodgkin's lymphoma and can occur at any age. NHL tends to progress more quickly than Hodgkin's lymphoma and is composed of different types of lymphocytes. It may be further divided into aggressive (fast growing) and indolent (slow growing) subtypes. Some common subtypes include: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Signs and Symptoms
Since malignant lymphomas can affect different parts of the body, the signs and symptoms may vary. Common signs and symptoms include:
Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, groin, or armpit
- Painless swelling in the abdomen, chest, or neck area
- Fatigue, fever, night sweats, and weight loss
- Shortness of breath
- Itchy skin
- Unexplained bruising or bleeding
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis of malignant lymphoma typically begins with a physical exam and laboratory tests. Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans may also be performed to get a better look at the affected area. A biopsy is usually needed to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment may involve chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination of both.
It is important to note that malignant lymphomas are serious conditions and, if left untreated, may be deadly. Therefore, it is important to seek timely diagnosis and treatment.