Postencephalitic parkinsonism
Postencephalitic Parkinsonism
Postencephalitic parkinsonism (also called post-encephalitic parkinsonism, postinfectious parkinsonism, or post-polio parkinsonism) is a Parkinson-like disorder that can result from an inflammation of the brain caused by an infection.
It is also called hot-baths disease because of the ability the hot baths had to improve the patient's motor condition.
Characteristics of Postencephalitic Parkinsonism include:
- Tremor
- Slowness of movement (bradykinesia)
- Rigidity (decreased mobility)
- Gait difficulties (postural instability)
- Stooped posture
- Small and cramped handwriting (Micrographia)
- Loss of facial expressions
- Speech difficulties
Postencephalitic parkinsonism usually occurs in people over 40 years of age but can also occur in younger patients. It is believed to be caused by a virus that infects and damages the brain, usually a type of virus called reoviruses or coxsackieviruses. It can also be caused by exposure to certain illnesses, such as a bout with encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
As with most forms of Parkinson's, the cause of postencephalitic parkinsonism is still unknown and there is no cure. Treatment is limited to managing the symptoms.
Treatment includes medications, such as dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and anticholinergics. These medications can help to manage tremors, slowness of movement, and stiffness. In addition, physical and occupational therapy can help to improve mobility. Surgery may be recommended for those with more severe symptoms.
The prognosis for postencephalitic parkinsonism depends on the severity of the condition and the type of virus that caused it. Treatment can help to manage the symptoms but postencephalitic parkinsonism is not curable. Most people with postencephalitic parkinsonism live an otherwise normal life.