Toxoplasmosis
What is Toxoplasmosis?
Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The parasite is primarily found in cats, but can also be found in other warm-blooded animals. In humans, Toxoplasmosis can cause a range of symptoms, from mild flu-like illness to serious complications, including eye or brain damage in those with weak immune systems.
What are the Symptoms of Toxoplasmosis?
Most people won’t experience any symptoms if they become infected with Toxoplasma gondii. However, those with weak immune systems, such as pregnant women, the elderly, young children, or people living with HIV/AIDS, may experience symptoms of the infection, including:
- Fever
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Rash
How is Toxoplasmosis Diagnosed?
Your doctor can diagnose toxoplasmosis by either testing your blood for the parasite, or through a saliva or urine sample. In some cases, a sample of fluid from the eye or spinal cord may also be taken for analysis. If you are pregnant, your doctor may order a specific set of tests for toxoplasmosis as it poses risks to the unborn baby.
How is Toxoplasmosis Treated?
In humans, treatment for toxoplasmosis is typically an antibiotic, such as sulfadiazine, in combination with pyrimethamine. This drug combination is only effective if started early after infection, and only those with weakened immune systems are prescribed these medicines. Pregnant women may also be treated with Spiramycin, instead of the drug combination, as in protects the fetus from any adverse effects. In most cases, the infection clears up on its own without the need for treatment.
Prevention
There are a number of ways to reduce your risk of becoming infected with Toxoplasma. It is especially important for pregnant women to take precautions, as infection can lead to serious birth defects.
- Always wash hands after contact with cat litter or touching cats.
- Wear gloves when gardening, as this may come into contact with infected soil.
- Cook all meats, especially pork, lamb, and beef, thoroughly.
- Wash all fruits and vegetables before eating.
- Drink only treated or pasteurized milk.