Pleural space infections

Pleural Space Infections

Pleural space infections are a group of pneumonias that affect the pleural cavity, an area located between the lung and the chest wall. They are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other organisms.

Pleural space infections can be very serious and life-threatening. Symptoms include fever, chills, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Treatment usually involves antibiotics and fluids through a needle directly into the pleural space.

Types of Pleural Space Infections

The most common types of pleural space infections include:

• Pneumococcal Pneumonia: A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae.
• Legionnaires' Disease: A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila.
• Mycoplasma Pneumonia: A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
• Viral Pneumonia: A type of viral pneumonia caused by the viruses that cause the common cold or the flu.
• Fungal Pneumonia: A type of fungal infection caused by various types of fungi.

Risk Factors

Certain factors increase the risk for developing a pleural space infection, including:

• Age: Elderly adults are more likely to develop pleural space infections than younger adults.
• Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of developing pneumonia.
• Weakened Immune System: Those with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or cancer, may be more likely to develop a pleural space infection.
• Certain Medical Conditions: Those with cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or COPD may be more likely to develop a pleural space infection.
• Living in a Nursing Home: Those living in nursing homes are more likely to develop a pleural space infection.
• Childbirth: Immediately after childbirth, women may be more likely to develop a pleural space infection.

Complications

Potential complications of a pleural space infection include pneumothorax (a collapsed lung), pleural effusion (a buildup of fluid in the pleural space), or abscess formation. Other, less common, complications may include empyema (a collection of pus in the pleural space), or bronchopleural fistula (an abnormal connection between the bronchial tube and the pleural space).

Diagnosis

A pleural space infection is typically diagnosed with a physical exam, chest X-ray or CT scan, and blood tests. In some cases, a sample of pleural fluid may be taken and examined for evidence of bacteria or other organisms.

Treatment

Treatment for a pleural space infection typically involves antibiotics, fluids, and other medications. In some cases, drainage of the pleural space may be necessary.