Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test

The Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) test is a blood test used to measure the average amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood over the past 3 months. This test can be used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes. It is generally accepted that the higher the HbA1c level, the higher the risk for long-term complications from diabetes.

Preparation for HbA1C Test

No preparation is required for the HbA1C test. People who are currently taking diabetes medications may need to adjust their dosing schedule around the time of the test in order to get accurate results.

Procedure for HbA1C Test

The HbA1C test is done by taking a sample of blood from a vein in the arm using a needle. The sample will be sent to a lab for analysis. Results are usually available within a few days.

Types of HbA1C Tests

There are two types of HbA1C tests: standard and structured.

Standard HbA1C test – Measures the average amount of glucose in the blood over the past 3 months.
Structured HbA1C test – Measures the levels of glucose in the bloodstream over a much longer period of time, typically 6 months to 1 year.

Risks of HbA1C Test

The risks associated with the HbA1C test are minimal. The most common risk is a slight risk of infection or bruising at the site of the needle puncture. In rare cases, an allergic reaction can occur.

Why Should Someone Have this Test?

The HbA1C test is used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes. It can also be used to evaluate how well control is being maintained with blood sugar levels over time. As HbA1c results become higher, so do a person's risk for type 2 diabetes and other long-term complications from the disease.

When Should Someone Have This Test?

The HbA1C test is typically done at least twice a year for people with diabetes. For people who are at risk for diabetes, the test may be done more often.