Meningococcal Disease

What is Meningococcal Disease?

Meningococcal disease is a rare but serious bacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, which is also known as meningococcus. It can cause meningitis, which is an inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. It can also lead to blood stream infections, sepsis, and death in some cases. The bacteria is spread through close contact or droplets from coughs and sneezes of an infected person.

Signs and Symptoms of Meningococcal Disease

The signs and symptoms of meningococcal disease may develop quickly, or come on gradually over several days. Common signs and symptoms include:

• Fever, fatigue, headache
• Stiff neck
• Nausea and vomiting
• Sensitivity to light
• Skin rash, which may include purple or red spots
• Confusion and irritability

Treatment of Meningococcal Disease

Treatment for meningococcal disease is with antibiotics. If the infection is detected early, antibiotics can help prevent the spread of the bacteria to other people who have been in close contact with the infected person. It is important to start treatment as soon as possible, as the infection can progress rapidly. Treatment usually lasts for 7 to 10 days.

Prevention of Meningococcal Disease

Vaccines are available to protect against some types of meningococcal disease. Vaccines are recommended for people who are at an increased risk of infection, such as those travelling to certain areas, those with compromised immune systems, and those living in close contact with an infected person. Vaccines are also recommended for people who work in certain occupations, such as healthcare workers and laboratory personnel. Vaccination is also recommended for adolescents and young adults, who are at an increased risk of infection.

Complications of Meningococcal Disease

Meningococcal disease can cause a number of serious complications, including:

• Meningitis
• Sepsis
• Ear and/or hearing loss
• Mental health problems
• Organ damage
• Limb amputation
• Death