Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Tests
Overview of CMV Tests
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus that can cause severe birth defects if transmitted to an unborn baby. It is most often acquired by pregnant women who have not been exposed to CMV before. Oftentimes CMV is asymptomatic, which means that the person may not show any signs of the infection, despite being contagious. A CMV test is a way to confirm whether or not a person is infected with this virus, which will help to decide upon a course of treatment.
Preparation for a CMV Test
Before taking a CMV test, it is important to understand the risks associated with the virus and to review any precautionary measures that may be taken. Prior to the test, it is recommended that providers and patients discuss the risks and potential benefits of the test. It is also important to discuss any questions related to the procedure and to gather as much information as possible.
Procedure of a CMV Test
The CMV test is typically conducted using a blood sample. The sample is then sent to a laboratory to be tested for the presence of CMV antibodies or the virus itself. Results typically take one to two weeks to process. If the test is positive, then it is important to have a follow-up appointment with the provider to discuss the diagnosis and any treatments that may be needed.
Types of CMV Tests
There are three different types of CMV tests that can be used to diagnose a person who may have been exposed to the virus. These include:
- IgG Antibody Test: The IgG antibody test is used to detect the presence of CMV antibodies in the blood. If an individual has been exposed to CMV, the body will produce IgG antibodies as a means of defending itself against the virus.
- IgM Antibody Test: The IgM antibody test is used to detect recent infections, as it may take up to six weeks for the IgG antibodies to be present. It is often used as a follow-up test if an individual has tested positive on the IgG antibody test.
- PCR Test: The PCR test is used to detect the presence of CMV DNA in a person’s body. It is more accurate than the previous two tests, as it can detect the presence of the virus even if the body has not yet produced antibodies.
Risks Associated with CMV Tests
The CMV test is generally considered safe, although there are a few potential risks. For instance, some individuals may experience minor discomfort when having their blood taken. Additionally, incorrect results may lead to unnecessary treatments or medications.
Why Get Tested for CMV?
It is recommended that pregnant women get tested for CMV as it can lead to serious birth defects if transmitted to an unborn child. Additionally, testing is recommended for individuals who have been exposed to the virus, as it can help to determine the best course of treatment.
When to Get Tested for CMV?
It is recommended that pregnant women get tested for CMV during the first trimester, as this is when the virus can be most damaging to an unborn baby. It is also recommended that individuals who have been exposed to CMV be tested, as it can help to determine the best course of treatment.