Phlebitis
What is Phlebitis?
Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs. It can be caused by a bacterial or fungal infection, a blood clot, trauma from an IV line, or an allergic reaction. The symptoms of phlebitis can range from mild to severe and include: swelling, pain, redness, and warmth in the affected area. In more severe cases, there may be changes in skin color as well as ulcers or blisters.
Risk Factors for Developing Phlebitis
People who have either a personal history of phlebitis or a family history of it are more likely to develop the condition. Other risk factors include:
- Being pregnant
- Being female
- Being over the age of 50
- Having high blood pressure or diabetes
- Using a contraceptive containing estrogen
- Having a vein disorder such as varicose veins
- Having certain clotting disorders
- Having had recent surgery or an injury
- Having a weakened immune system
- Taking certain medications
Diagnosis of Phlebitis
Your doctor will start by taking a detailed medical history, including whether you have family members who have had phlebitis. They might also order an ultrasound or other imaging tests. If they suspect a bacterial or fungal infection, they might take a sample of the affected area for testing.
Treatment of Phlebitis
Treatment of phlebitis depends on the underlying cause:
- If the phlebitis is caused by a bacterial or fungal infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics or antifungal medications.
- If a blood clot is the cause, they may prescribe a medication called heparin to help dissolve it.
- If the phlebitis was caused by an IV line, your doctor may recommend changing the position of the line or removing it.
- Your doctor may also recommend elevating the affected area and wearing support stockings to help reduce swelling.
Complications of Phlebitis
If left untreated, phlebitis can lead to more serious complications such as blood poisoning, stroke, and pulmonary embolism. It can also cause permanent damage including skin discoloration and scarring.