Locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC)
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common type of skin cancer that affects the thin, flat cells near the surface of the skin. It's one of the most aggressive and serious forms of skin cancer, and can lead to disfigurement or lesions if not treated quickly. Locally advanced cSCC is a type of cancer that has spread beyond the original site on the skin, and may have metastasized (spread) to other parts of the body.
Causes of Locally Advanced cSCC
The cause of cSCC is largely related to ultraviolet radiation exposure from the sun, tanning beds, or other sources of UV radiation. In addition, people who have weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV, are at an increased risk for developing cSCC. In some cases, a pre-existing skin condition, such as actinic keratosis or Bowen's Disease, can also increase one's risk of developing cSCC.
Symptoms of Locally Advanced cSCC
The most common symptom of locally advanced cSCC is a persistent area of skin that doesn't heal. The area may have areas of discoloration, bumps, or scaly patches. It may also be tender to the touch. Other symptoms may include:
- Pain
- Bleeding
- Itching
- Swelling
- Redness
- Crusting
Diagnosing Locally Advanced cSCC
A doctor will begin by asking about a history of sun exposure or a weakened immune system, both of which increase the risk of cSCC. The doctor will also examine the area of concern and do a physical examination. If the doctor suspects cSCC, a biopsy may be done to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment of Locally Advanced cSCC
The treatment of locally advance cSCC depends on the size of the tumor and what other nearby tissues may be affected. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the tumor. In other cases, radiation therapy may be used to shrink the tumor. Chemotherapy may also be used to treat cSCC in advanced stages or if it has spread to other parts of the body. Topical medications, such as fluorouracil cream or imiquimod cream, may also be used in certain cases.