CT angiography - head and neck
CT Angiography (CTA)–Head and Neck: Overview
Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) is a minimally invasive medical imaging procedure used to visualize the anatomy of blood vessels from inside the body. CTA is used to help diagnose a variety of diseases, including those involving the head and neck, such as cerebral aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, cavernous malformations, emboli, vascular trauma, and carotid and vertebral artery disease.
Preparation for CTA Scan of Head and Neck
Typically, there is no special preparation required for a CTA scan of the head and neck. The patient can eat and drink normally and should wear comfortable clothing. Typically, a contrast material (iodine-based dye) is injected into the bloodstream during the scan. The radiographer will discuss this with the patient beforehand.
CTA Procedure for Head and Neck
CTA of the head and neck is performed using a special device called a computed tomography scanner. During the scan, the patient lies in a tube-like structure while the scanner takes a series of x-ray pictures of the body. The images are then reconstructed to create a three-dimensional image of the anatomy.
Types of CTA for Head and Neck
- CTA-Digital Subtraction Angiography (CTA-DSA): This type of CTA is used to evaluate skull-base arteries including the carotid and vertebral arteries. CTA-DSA is used to diagnose aneurysms or vascular malformations in the head and neck.
- CTA-Magnetic Resonance Angiography (CTA-MRA): This type of CTA combines CTA and MRA imaging to create detailed three-dimensional images of blood vessels in the head and neck.
- CTA-Shunt/Squeeze Angiography (CTA-SSA): This type of CTA is used to evaluate the anatomy of shunts or grafts placed in the head or neck. CTA-SSA helps to detect any blockages or issues related to the shunt or graft.
Risks of CTA for Head and Neck
CTA of the head and neck is generally a safe procedure. However, there is risk of allergic reaction to the contrast material used during the scan. Additionally, some people may experience nausea, dizziness, or a headache following a CTA scan.
Why CTA is Used for Head and Neck examinations?
CTA is commonly used to evaluate the anatomy of the carotid and vertebral arteries. It is also used to detect and diagnose cerebrovascular diseases or any other pathology of the head and neck. Additionally, CTA has been used to distinguish between the different types of vascular abnormalities.
When Should CTA be Used for Head and Neck examinations?
CTA of the head and neck can be used for diagnosis of vascular disease or to follow up the progress of existing treatments. CTA is often used in cases of stroke, internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, congenital anomalies, or arteriovenous malformation.