Hoarseness

Hoarseness – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

Hoarseness is a common symptom of a range of underlying conditions in the throat or larynx (voice box). It can be caused by inflammation of the vocal cords resulting in a change in the voice, either temporary or permanent. Hoarseness can also result from respiratory tract infections such as laryngitis or tonsillitis, or more rarely from neurological disorders or tumors.

Below are the common causes, symptoms and diagnoses of hoarseness.

Causes of Hoarseness

Viral or bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Allergies
Smoking or overuse of the voice
Exposure to airborne irritants like chemicals, fumes
Tumors of the larynx or vocal cords
Other medical conditions such as stroke, uncontrolled diabetes or thyroid disorders

Symptoms of Hoarseness

Persistent dry, scratchy throat
Difficulty speaking or speaking in a low voice
Pain or discomfort when speaking or swallowing
Changes in the quality of the voice, such as cracking or whispering
Coughing or clearing the throat frequently

Diagnosis of Hoarseness

If hoarseness persists for more than two weeks, it is important to visit a doctor to diagnose the underlying cause. The doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical examination of the throat. Tests such as a strep throat culture, chest X-ray and endoscopy may also be done to determine the cause of hoarseness.

Treatment for Hoarseness

Resting the voice
Drinking plenty of fluids
Gargling with salt water
Using over-the-counter medicines like decongestants, antihistamines or throat lozenges
Corticosteroids for severe cases
Surgery in rare cases of tumor or growth

Prevention of Hoarseness

Avoiding smoking and exposure to smoke and other irritants
Practicing good vocal hygiene, such as speaking quietly or reducing the amount of speaking and singing
Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption
Exercising regularly to improve physiologic health
Drinking plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration
Having regular check-ups to identify any underlying conditions that may be causing the hoarseness