Gastroesophageal Reflux
.What is Gastroesophageal Reflux?
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common condition that occurs when stomach acids back up into the esophagus, causing irritation in the tissue lining the esophagus. It is primarily caused by the improper functioning of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring at the bottom of the esophagus. This condition, also known as acid reflux, is a common digestive complaint that affects millions of Americans of all ages.
What are the Symptoms of GER?
The most common symptoms associated with GER include:
- Heartburn
- Chest pain
- Sour taste in the mouth
- Regurgitation of stomach acid
- Difficulty in swallowing
- Hoarseness or a sore throat
- Bad breath
- Coughing
What Causes GER?
The primary cause of GER is a weakened or malfunctioning lower esophageal sphincter (LES). This can occur due to a number of reasons, such as overeating, pregnancy, obesity, or certain medications. However, other factors, such as smoking, drinking, certain foods and drinks, stress, and some medical conditions, can also contribute to GER.
Treating GER
Treatment for GER depends on the severity of the condition and may involve lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery. Lifestyle changes, such as eating smaller meals and avoiding trigger foods and drinks, can help alleviate symptoms. In more serious cases, medications such as antacids, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, and prokinetics may be prescribed to reduce acid secretion or promote digestive motility.
In some cases, a more invasive treatment, such as surgical repair of the LES, may be needed to treat GER.