External Genital Warts
What Are External Genital Warts?
External genital warts are growths on the skin of the genital and anal areas caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). These warts can appear in various shapes and sizes; some may be as small as a grain of sand, while others may grow to the size of a pea. They may be flat or raised, single or multiple, and they can appear alone or in clusters. In more severe cases, external genital warts can spread to the urethra, anus, or vaginal area.
Who is at Risk for External Genital Warts?
HPV is highly contagious and can be spread through sexual contact, either through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. In some cases, HPV can also be spread through skin-to-skin contact, although it is less common. Anyone who has unprotected sex or comes into contact with an infected area on the body, such as the anus, is at risk of getting external genital warts. Women are more likely to get these warts than men, and people who have multiple sexual partners are at higher risk.
Symptoms of External Genital Warts
The most common signs and symptoms of external genital warts include:
- Small, fleshy growths on the external genitalia
- Itching, burning, or pain in the affected area
- Vaginal discharge or bleeding
- Pain during urination or sexual intercourse
External genital warts are usually painless and may not cause any symptoms at all. However, if you experience any of the signs and symptoms listed above, you should seek medical attention.
Diagnosis & Treatment of External Genital Warts
Your doctor will diagnose external genital warts through a physical examination. They may also take a tissue sample to be examined under a microscope. Once the warts are identified, they can be treated using a variety of methods.
Common treatments for external genital warts include:
- Medicated creams or ointments
- Cryotherapy (freezing the warts with liquid nitrogen)
- Surgery to remove the warts
- Laser therapy
It’s important to note that while treatment can help to reduce the size and number of warts, it is not a “cure” for HPV. Even after treatment, the warts may return and require repeated treatment.
Preventing Spread of External Genital Warts
The most effective way to prevent the spread of external genital warts is to practice safe sex. This includes using condoms and/or dental dams during all sexual activity. In addition, if you have genital warts, refrain from sexual activity until the warts have healed. If you or your partner have been diagnosed with any type of HPV, it is important to inform any sexual partners to ensure they are tested.