Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections

Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs) are common infections of the skin and the layers of skin below, usually caused by Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. These infections can range from minor skin irritations to serious, potentially life-threatening infections. The types of SSSIs most commonly seen in clinical practice can be categorized into five types: cellulitis, folliculitis, wound infections, abscesses, and burns.

Signs and Symptoms

The symptoms of uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections vary depending on the type of infection, but generally, signs of infection may include:

Redness
Swelling
Warmth
Pain

Risk Factors

The risk factors for developing uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections include:

Weakened immune system
Recent trauma to the skin
Diabetes mellitus
Poor hygiene

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections is usually based on the appearance of the affected area and the patient's symptoms. Additional diagnostic tests may include:

Physical examination of the skin
Microscopic examination of a skin swab or sample of the infected tissue
Culture and sensitivity tests to identify the specific micro-organism
Blood tests to check for evidence of inflammation and infection

Treatment

Treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections typically includes a course of antibiotics. Depending on the type and severity of the infection, treatment with topical or oral antibiotics, or a combination of the two may be recommended. Patients may also need to receive supportive care, including antibiotics, surgery or wound care to prevent the spread of infection. In some cases, hospitalization and monitoring may be necessary.