What is Spinal Cord Compression?
Spinal cord compression is a condition in which abnormal pressure is applied to the spinal cord. This abnormal pressure can damage nerve fibers and lead to a wide range of symptoms, including pain, weakness, and numbness. Depending on the location of the compression, the associated symptoms are mostly along one side of the body (hemiradicular) or across the body (radiculoparasthesia).
Causes of Spinal Cord Compression
Spinal cord compression can be caused by a number of factors.
- Herniated discs, which occur when the cushioning material in between the vertebrae degenerates or forces its way into the spinal cord
- Bone spurs, which are small bony projections of the vertebrae that can press on the spinal cord
- An injury to the back, such as a fractured vertebra or traumatic injury
- Tumors, such as cancerous or non-cancerous growths that press on the spinal cord
- Infections, such as meningitis, which can cause inflammation of the spinal cord
Symptoms of Spinal Cord Compression
The symptoms of spinal cord compression vary depending on the cause and where the compression is occurring, but they are often severe and may even become debilitating. Common symptoms associated with spinal cord compression include:
- Numbness or tingling sensation on one or both sides of the body
- Pain in the arms, legs, back, or neck
- Muscle weakness
- Loss of balance or coordination
- Difficulty walking
- Bladder or bowel dysfunction
Diagnosis of Spinal Cord Compression
In order to diagnose spinal cord compression, your doctor will first take a detailed history and perform an examination. He or she will also order imaging tests, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans, to look for areas of compression. Additionally, your doctor may order a myelogram, a special procedure that uses a dye to highlight compressed areas on X-rays.
Treatment for Spinal Cord Compression
The treatment for spinal cord compression depends on the cause and severity of the condition. For some cases, such as those caused by a herniated disc, treatment may involve medications to reduce inflammation and pain and physical therapy to reduce muscle spasms and strengthen the muscles. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to decompress the area and alleviate pain.