Symptomatic Botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum serotype E
What is Symptomatic Botulism?
Symptomatic Botulism is a serious and potentially fatal foodborne disease caused by the nerve toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, usually in the form of serotype E. This neurotoxin is the most potent of the seven known botulinum toxins, and the illness caused by botulinum toxin E is often referred to as Type E Botulism.
The neurotoxin produced by this bacterium is one of the most potent biotoxins known to man, and it can affect the respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems. When consumed in contaminated food, the toxin is absorbed across the intestinal wall where it attaches to nerve endings and interferes with communication between the nerves and muscles. The resulting paralysis of the muscles leads to the clinical symptoms of Botulism.
Signs and Symptoms of Botulism
Symptoms of Botulism usually present within 12-36 hours of consuming the contaminated food. However, onset has been reported to range from 4 hours to 10 days.
- Fatigue
- Double vision
- Inflammation of the eyelids
- Drooping eyelids
- Swallowing difficulty
- Slurred speech
- Difficulty breathing
- Paralysis of various muscles
Prevention of Botulism
Consumption of contaminated food is the most common cause of Botulism. Therefore it is important to be aware of the risk factors and practice safe food handling. Possible preventive measures include the following:
- Properly storing food in the refrigerator or freezer
- Sterilizing containers and utensils before use
- Reheating cooked foods to at least 74.4 degrees Celsius
- Avoiding canned or vacuum-sealed food that shows signs of damage or deterioration
- Avoiding unpasteurized cheese and honey
Treatment of Botulism
Due to the potentially life-threatening nature of Botulism, immediate medical attention is necessary. Treatment typically includes the following:
- Antitoxin to neutralize circulating toxins
- Intravenous fluids to provide hydration and nutrients
- Antibiotics to counter infections
- Cleaning of the wound to prevent infection
- Ventilator to assist with breathing during paralysis
These treatments will help prevent the spread of the toxin and ease symptoms. In the majority of cases, patients recover fully with no lasting effects. However, some cases of Botulism can lead to long-term weakness or paralysis.