Severe Anemia
What Is Severe Anemia?
Severe anemia is a serious health condition that occurs when someone's red blood cell (RBC) count drops too low. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body's cells and tissues, and a decreased count leads to a decrease in the amount of oxygen the body receives. This can cause a variety of severe symptoms and can lead to complications if left untreated.
Types Of Severe Anemia
There are several types of severe anemia. The most common forms include the following:
- Iron-deficiency anemia – This type of anemia is caused by a lack of iron in the diet, which can be due to inadequate intakes or poor absorption. It is the most common type of anemia.
- Vitamin-deficiency anemia – This type of anemia can occur when there is a deficiency of vitamins B-12 and folate. It can sometimes be due to certain medical conditions, such as Crohn’s disease, or it can be related to lifestyle choices, such as eating an unhealthy diet or an excessive alcohol intake.
- Anemia of chronic disease – This type of anemia is commonly seen in patients with chronic conditions, such as kidney disease, liver disease, cancer, and HIV/AIDS.
- Aplastic anemia – This condition occurs when the bone marrow is unable to produce enough red blood cells. It can be caused by certain medications, radiation therapy, or an underlying medical condition.
- Hemolytic anemia – This type of anemia can occur when red blood cells are destroyed too quickly. It can be due to certain infections, medications, or underlying medical conditions.
Causes of Severe Anemia
The underlying causes of severe anemia vary depending on the type of anemia. Common causes include the following:
- Blood loss from accidents, surgery, or childbirth
- Certain medical conditions, such as Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, kidney failure, and cancer
- Certain medications, such as anticoagulants, antibiotics, and chemotherapy drugs
- Inadequate dietary intake of iron, B-12, or folic acid
- Excessive alcohol use
Symptoms of Severe Anemia
The symptoms of severe anemia vary depending on the underlying cause, but the most common symptoms include fatigue, feeling weak or lightheaded, pale skin, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, and headaches.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The diagnosis of severe anemia is made by a physician through a physical exam and laboratory tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC). Treatment of severe anemia depends on the underlying cause, but typically involves treating any underlying medical conditions and supplementing the patient with iron, B-12, and folate if necessary.
In some cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary. It is important for patients with anemia to follow up with their physician in order to ensure that their condition is properly managed and to prevent any further complications.