Respiratory Tract Infections (RTI)
Understanding Respiratory Tract Infections (RTI)
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a group of conditions and illnesses that affect the airways and other parts of the respiratory system. Common RTIs include the common cold, bacterial sinusitis, bacterial pneumonia, and influenza. All of them are caused by viruses or bacteria and can affect people of any age, but they most commonly occur in children.
Symptoms of RTIs can vary from mild congestion and cough to more serious ones such as high fever, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
Common Causes of RTI
Common causes of RTIs include:
- Viruses, such as the common cold and influenza.
- Bacteria, such as those that cause bacterial pneumonia, sinusitis, and strep throat.
- Fungi, such as those that cause histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis.
- Environmental irritants, such as dust, smoke, and certain chemicals.
- Allergens, such as pollen and pet dander.
- Exposure to cold air or extreme temperatures.
Risk Factors
Certain factors may increase your risk of getting an RTI. These include:
- Having a weakened immune system due to certain medical conditions or certain medicines.
- Being exposed to large groups of people, such as in school or work environments.
- Living or working with someone who has an RTI.
- Having a medical condition that affects the respiratory system, such as asthma.
- Smoking or using tobacco products.
Treatment and Prevention
Treatment for an RTI may include rest, taking over-the-counter medicines, and drinking plenty of fluids. In cases of more severe RTIs, such as pneumonia, antibiotics may be necessary. It is important to follow your doctor's recommendations regarding the use of antibiotics.
In most cases, RTIs can be prevented by taking precautions such as washing your hands often, avoiding close contact with people who are sick, avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke, and getting enough sleep.