Potassium imbalance
What is Potassium Imbalance?
A potassium imbalance, also known as hypokalemia or hyperkalemia, is when your body contains too much or too little of the mineral potassium. Potassium is a mineral necessary to help maintain normal cell function and balance many of the electrolytes in your body. Too little or too much of it can cause abnormalities in muscle function, kidney function, and hormonal systems, including the heart. The effects of a potassium imbalance can be serious, so it is important to diagnose and treat it.
Signs and Symptoms of Potassium Imbalance
Symptoms of a potassium imbalance depend on whether it is hypokalemia (low potassium) or hyperkalemia (high potassium). Common symptoms of Hypokalemia include:
- Weakness
- Fatigue
- Muscle cramps or spasms
- Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
- Abdominal bloating
- Low blood pressure
- Constipation
Common symptoms of Hyperkalemia include:
- Nausea
- Weakness
- Paralysis
- Heart palpitations
- Shortness of breath
- Abnormal heart rhythms
- Swelling
Causes of Potassium Imbalance
A potassium imbalance can be caused by various medical conditions, including kidney failure or renal tubular acidosis. Some medications can also cause an imbalance. These include diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers. Potassium imbalance can also occur as a result of extreme dieting or eating disorders. In some cases, it is caused by a gastrointestinal problem or excessive sweating.
Treatment of Potassium Imbalance
Treatment for potassium imbalance depends on the underlying cause. If caused by a medication, your doctor may recommend that you discontinue the medication and replace it with another. If caused by a medical condition, your doctor will recommend treatment for the condition. Treatment for potassium imbalances caused by diet or digestive problems may include dietary changes or supplements. Your doctor may also recommend fluids, electrolytes, and other treatments.