Postoperative Thromboembolism

Postoperative Thromboembolism: A Growing Concern

Postoperative thromboembolism (PTE) is a serious medical condition that arises after major surgery or trauma. It occurs when a blood clot forms in one of the deep veins of the body and then travels through the bloodstream and lodges in an artery supplying one of the major organs of the body, such as the lungs, heart or brain. It is a potentially life-threatening condition and can cause serious health complications. Unfortunately, PTE is becoming an increasingly common condition, and is one of the leading causes of death after surgery.

Causes of Postoperative Thromboembolism

PTE typically occurs after a patient has undergone surgery, but can also occur with conditions and medications that impair blood flow. It is thought to be caused by a number of factors, including:

• Surgery that requires general anesthesia or a long period of bed rest.
• Injury or trauma that damages the lining of the blood vessels.
• Certain medications, such as birth control pills or hormone therapy.
• Medical conditions, such as obesity, cancer, and heart, lung, or kidney disease.
• Diseases that cause inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or Crohn’s disease.

Risk Factors for Postoperative Thromboembolism

There are several factors that can increase a person’s risk of developing PTE. These include:

• Older age.
• Family history of PTE.
• Previous history of PTE.
• Smoking.
• Being overweight or obese.
• Long periods of inactivity or bed rest.

Symptoms of Postoperative Thromboembolism

The symptoms of PTE can vary depending on where the embolism has lodged. Common symptoms include:

• Shortness of breath.
• Chest pain.
• Swelling in the arms and legs.
• Lightheadedness.
• Confusion.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Postoperative Thromboembolism

If PTE is suspected, a doctor may order tests such as a CT scan, an echocardiogram or a pulmonary angiography to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment for PTE typically involves anticoagulant medications, such as heparin. In more serious cases, a surgical procedure may be recommended in order to remove the clot.

Preventing Postoperative Thromboembolism

In order to reduce the risk of PTE, it is recommended that people get up and move around as soon as possible after surgery. Also, it is important for patients to discuss any additional risk factors they may have with their doctor before undergoing any type of surgery or trauma.