Pheochromocytomas

Pheochromocytomas are a rare type of benign (non-cancerous) tumor that develops in the lining of the adrenal glands. They release hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream, which can cause a variety of symptoms, such as high blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and headaches.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of pheochromocytoma include:

High blood pressure (hypertension)
Frequent episodes of sweating
Headache
Palpitations (rapid heart beat)
Anxiety
Shortness of breath
Nausea and vomiting
Increased urination
Tremors

Diagnosis

Pheochromocytomas are diagnosed with a combination of tests, including:

Urine tests to detect high levels of hormones
Imaging studies such as CT scans, MRIs, and PET scans
Blood tests to measure hormone levels
Biopsy of the tumor

Treatment

Depending on the size and location of the tumor, treatment may involve:

Surgery to remove the tumor
Medication to control hormone levels
Radiation therapy to shrink the tumor
Chemotherapy to shrink the tumor

If left untreated, pheochromocytoma can lead to serious and life-threatening complications, including heart attack, stroke, and aneurysm.