Peritoneal Dialysis-associated Peritonitis
Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments
Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis is an infection of the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the layers of tissue that line the abdomen. It is most commonly seen in people who are undergoing peritoneal dialysis, a type of dialysis used to treat end stage kidney failure. This infection can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or a virus, and it can have serious consequences if it is not treated promptly.
Causes
Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis is usually caused by bacteria, but fungi or viruses can also be the cause. It is usually caused by organisms that enter the body through the dialysis catheter or when the dialysis solution is changed. There is also a risk of the infection spreading from the bloodstream to the peritoneal cavity.
Symptoms
- Fever
- Chills
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
Treatments
Treatment for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis usually involves using antibiotics. In some cases, the dialysis catheter may need to be removed to prevent further infection. In addition, the patient may need to temporarily stop dialysis treatments to allow the infection to clear. Surgery may also be necessary to remove any abscesses in the abdominal cavity.
Prevention
The best way to prevent peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis is to practice good hygiene while changing the dialysis solution. Disposable gloves, protective eyewear, and a mask should always be worn while changing the solution. The area where the catheter is placed should be kept clean and dry and the solution must be changed according to the instructions given by the healthcare provider.