Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a childhood mental disorder that is characterized by persistent and chronic patterns of defiant and aggressive behavior. This behavior can include arguing, temper tantrums, defiant or vindictive behaviour, and irritability. ODD is a significant disorder of childhood, occurring in approximately 5-10% of all children, and is associated with increased levels of impairment and behavioral, emotional and social problems.
Common signs of ODD may include:
- Defiance of authority figures
- Refusing to comply with simple requests or rules
- Arguing
- Angry outbursts
- Vengeful behavior
- Blaming others for one’s own mistakes
- Defiant or vindictive behavior towards adults
- Persistent boredom
- Hostility
The cause of ODD is unknown but is thought to be a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Genetics and temperament play a role, as reactivity and low frustration tolerance can increase the likelihood of oppositional behavior. Other factors, such as extreme life stress, family conflict, anergic parenting styles, or inconsistent discipline could also play a role.
Treatment of ODD is aimed at reducing a child’s defiant and oppositional behavior. This may be accomplished by teaching a child how to manage emotions, skills for problem-solving and negotiation, and alternatives to violence and aggression. Parent-child relationship interventions are also used to improve communication and foster a more positive relationship between the parent and child.
Parental awareness is essential to Obtain effective diagnosis and treatment is the key to effectively managing ODD and helping a child succeed. Parents should speak to a doctor or mental health professional if they are concerned that their child may have the disorder.