Pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
What is Pauciarticular Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), also known as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects children under the age of 16. This arthritis affects four or fewer joints or “pauci” in Latin, thus giving the condition its name. It is the most common type of juvenile arthritis, making up about 25 percent of all cases. The condition causes joint inflammation, swelling, pain, stiffness, and difficulty moving. In some cases, it can lead to more serious problems, such as eye inflammation, which can cause vision loss. Treatment of pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis typically includes a combination of medications, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and alternative therapies.
Symptoms of Pauciarticular Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
The main symptoms of pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis are joint pain and stiffness, especially in the morning. The inflammation caused by the condition can lead to swelling and redness, and the joints might feel warm. Depending on the joints affected, the child may have difficulty using them, and the range of motion in the joint may be limited. Other symptoms can include arthritis nodules, or small firm lumps under the skin, and fever.
Causes of Pauciarticular Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
The exact cause of pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is unknown, but it is thought to be an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues. It is believed that genetics and environmental factors can contribute to the development of the condition, but no one has yet identified a genetic marker for it. Some research suggests that infections can trigger the condition.
Diagnosis of Pauciarticular Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Diagnosing pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis involves a physical exam and taking a thorough medical history. X-rays and MRI scans may be used to assess joint damage. Blood tests are also used to look for signs of inflammation, and special tests may be done to Rule out other conditions.
Treatments of Pauciarticular Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Treatment of pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is focused on relief of symptoms and preventing future joint damage. Treatments include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen to reduce pain and inflammation
- Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to slow down the progression of the disease
- Immunosuppressive drugs to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system
- Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
- Physical therapy to maintain joint function and strength
- Occupational therapy to improve physical and cognitive skills
- Alternative therapies such as acupuncture, yoga, and hydrotherapy