Ovarian Epithelial Cancer
Overview of Ovarian Epithelial Cancer
Ovarian epithelial cancer is a type of gynecological cancer that begins in the cells that line the surface of the ovary. An ovary is one of the two main reproductive organs in women. The other organ is the uterus. It is much less common than uterine cancer. Ovarian epithelial cancer usually develops slowly over a period of years. It can be in the form of either a benign (noncancerous) tumor or malignant (cancerous) tumor.
Ovarian epithelial cancer is treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. The types of treatment depend on the stage of the cancer, which is based on how much the cancer has spread. Treatment may also depend on the extent of surgery and the patient's preference. Survivors of epithelial ovarian cancer can expect a good outcome and return to their normal activities.
Symptoms of Ovarian Epithelial Cancer
Ovarian epithelial cancer often does not cause symptoms in the early stages. Symptoms may include:
- bleeding between menstrual periods
- abdominal bloating or swelling
- feeling full quickly after eating
- fatigue
- pain in the abdomen
- feeling anxious or depressed
- back pain
Risk Factors
The risk factors for ovarian epithelial cancer include:
- being over age 55
- having a family history of ovarian cancer
- having a personal history of breast, uterine, or colon cancer
- having a genetic mutation, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2
- having a history of infertility or taking fertility drugs
- using hormone replacement therapy
- having endometriosis
- being overweight or obese
- having a greater than average exposure to talc or other chemicals
Diagnosis of Ovarian Epithelial Cancer
The diagnosis of ovarian epithelial cancer is usually based on the results of a physical exam, a pelvic exam, a Pap test, a urine and blood test, and an imaging test. A doctor may also recommend a biopsy to check for cancer cells. There are several types of imaging tests available including ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, and PET scan.
Treatment of Ovarian Epithelial Cancer
The main treatment option for ovarian epithelial cancer is surgery. Depending on the stage of the cancer, doctors may recommend removing the ovaries and fallopian tubes, as well as the uterus and other pelvic organs. Other treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy or a combination of both. Treatment may also depend on the extent of surgery and the patient's preference.
Prevention of Ovarian Epithelial Cancer
The best way to reduce the risk of ovarian epithelial cancer is to decrease the risk factors mentioned previously. This includes regular screening and checkups, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet. Additionally, women who are at high risk for the development of ovarian cancer should talk to their doctor about the possibility of risk-reducing surgery.