Neuroendocrine Tumours

Neuroendocrine Tumours

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are a type of cancer that develops from specialised cells called neuroendocrine cells. These cells are found throughout the body and release hormones that help the body to control many of its functions.

NETs can develop in any organ in the body but they most commonly occur in the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, small intestine, colon); lungs; pancreas; and thyroid. NETs can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant NETs can spread (metastasise) to other organs in the body.

Signs and Symptoms of Neuroendocrine Tumours

The signs and symptoms of NETs vary depending on the location of the tumour and the hormones it produces. Common symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain, cramping, or discomfort
• Unexplained weight loss
• Unexplained fatigue
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Frequent urination or changes in urinary habits
• Abnormal heart rhythms or palpitations
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

NETs can also produce other symptoms depending on the hormones they produce, such as headaches, flushing, and increased appetite or thirst.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumours

NETs are diagnosed by taking a thorough medical history and physical examination and ordering tests such as blood tests, CT scans, MRI scans, or biopsies. Treatment of NETs depends on the size and location of the tumour, the presence of metastases, and the patient’s overall health. Options include surgery, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy.