Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the deterioration of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. It affects almost 2.3 million people worldwide, mostly between the ages of 20 and 40. Symptoms of MS vary greatly from person to person, but typically include issues with vision, muscle coordination, and balance, as well as pain. In some cases, MS may cause a loss of mobility and disability.

Although there is currently no known cure for MS, treatment can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Possible treatments may include disease-modifying medications, physical therapy, assistive devices, and lifestyle changes. With the help of medical professionals, those with MS can live a relatively normal life with a little extra planning and support.

Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis

Symptoms of MS can vary from person to person, but common symptoms include:

Vision problems, including blurred vision and complete or partial loss of vision
Numbness or tingling (paresthesias) in various parts of the body
Tremors
Weakness or paralysis of the limbs
Issues with balance
Loss of bladder or bowel control
Fatigue
Difficulty thinking or cognitive problems
Pain

Causes of Multiple Sclerosis

The exact cause of MS is unknown, but researchers believe it may be a combination of factors that include genetics and environmental triggers. Viral infections, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, may also contribute to a person’s likelihood of developing MS.

Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

Diagnosis of MS may involve a physical exam, medical history review, imaging tests, such as MRI scans, and neurological testing. It is important to speak to your doctor if you suspect you may have MS.

Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis

MS treatment can help slow the progression of the disease, manage symptoms, and improve quality of life. Possible treatments may include:

Medications: Disease-modifying drugs, such as interferons, can help reduce the severity and frequency of MS episodes. In addition, medications may be used to treat certain symptoms, such as steroid treatments for optic neuritis or muscle spasms, or pain medications for pain relief.
Physical Therapy: Physical therapy may be used to help manage muscle spasms, improve coordination and balance, and aid in overall mobility.
Assistive Devices: Assistive devices, such as mobility aids, can help those with MS maintain a better quality of life. Examples may include wheelchairs or walkers.
Lifestyle Changes: Making lifestyle changes, such as following a healthier diet and exercising more often, can help reduce fatigue and improve overall health.